40 Mile Feed - The large interior provides optimal growing conditions for lettuce and other leafy vegetables in Siberia B.V. Each acre in the greenhouse produces as much lettuce as 10 acres outside and reduces the need for chemicals by 97 percent.
In a potato field near the Dutch-Belgian border, Dutch farmer Jacob van den Borne sits in the cockpit of a large combine in front of an instrument panel worthy of the starship Enterprise.
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From his perch 10 feet above the ground, he monitors two drones, a driverless tractor traversing fields and an airborne quadcopter, which provides detailed readings of soil chemistry, inside of water, nutrients, and growth. , measuring the progress of each plant. of individual potatoes. Van den Borne's production numbers prove the power of this "precision farming", as it is known. The average world yield of potatoes per hectare is about nine tons. Van den Borne farms reliably produce more than 20.
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That mass production is made even more remarkable by the other side of the balance sheet: the tickets. Almost two decades ago, the Dutch made a national commitment to sustainable agriculture under the motto "Twice the food with half the resources". Since 2000, van den Borne and many of his fellow farmers have reduced water dependence for staple crops by up to 90 percent. They have almost completely eliminated the use of chemical pesticides in greenhouse crops, and since 2009, Dutch poultry and livestock farmers have reduced the use of antibiotics by up to 60 percent.
A sea of greenhouses surrounds a farmer's home in the Westland region of the Netherlands. The Dutch have become world leaders in agricultural innovation, pioneering new ways to fight hunger.
Grooves of artificial light lend an otherworldly aura to Westland, the greenhouse capital of the Netherlands. Climate-controlled farms like these grow crops around the clock and in all kinds of weather. This photo was originally posted on "This Little Country Feeds the World" in September 2017.
Another reason to be surprised: The Netherlands is a small, densely populated country, with more than 1,300 inhabitants per square kilometer. It lacks nearly all the resources long thought necessary for large-scale agriculture. However, it is the world's second largest food exporter measured by value, second only to the United States, with 270 times its land area. How did the Dutch do it?
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Seen from the air, the Netherlands looks like no other major food producer: a fragmented mosaic of intensively cultivated farms, most of them small by agribusiness standards, dotted with many cities and suburbs. In the main agricultural regions of the country, there are hardly any potato fields, greenhouses, or pig barns that do not appear in skyscrapers, factory buildings, or urban areas. More than half of the country's land is used for agriculture and horticulture.
Banks of what looked like giant mirrors spread across the field, glowing when the sun shone and shining an eerie light within when night fell. These are unique greenhouse complexes in Holland, some of which cover 175 hectares.
These climate-controlled farms allow a country located only a thousand kilometers from the Arctic Circle to become the world leader in the export of a good fruit of the season: the tomato. The Dutch are also the leading exporter of potatoes and onions in the world and the second largest exporter of vegetables in total by value. More than a third of all world trade in vegetable seeds comes from the Netherlands.
With increasing demand for chicken, Dutch companies are developing technology to increase chicken production and ensure humane conditions. This high-tech chicken coop houses about 150,000 birds, from hatching to harvesting.
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The brain trust behind these staggering numbers is centered at Wageningen University and Research (WUR), located 50 miles southeast of Amsterdam. Widely recognized as the world's leading agricultural research institution, WUR is the nodal point of Food Valley, a vast group of agtech startups and experimental farms. The name is a deliberate allusion to California's Silicon Valley, with Wageningen emulating Stanford University's role in the celebrated integration of academia and entrepreneurship.
Ernst van den Ende, Managing Director of WUR's Plant Sciences Group, embodies the integrated approach of Food Valley. A distinguished scholar with the informal manner of a barista in a trendy café, van den Ende is a world authority on plant pathology. However, he said, "I'm not just a college dean. Half of me runs Plant Sciences, but the other half manages nine separate business units involved in commercial contract research." Only that combination, "the science-driven with the market-driven," he argued, "meet the challenge ahead."
Do tomatoes grow best when bathed in LED lighting from above, from the side, or some combination? Plant scientist Henk Kalkman is looking for the answer at the Delphy Breeding Center in Bleiswijk. Collaboration between academics and entrepreneurs is a key driver of Dutch innovation.
The challenge? Expressed in starkly apocalyptic terms, he says, the planet must produce "more food in the next four decades than all the farmers in history have harvested in the last 8,000 years."
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This is because by 2050, the Earth will be home to up to 10 billion people, up from 7.5 billion today. If massive increases in agricultural yields are not achieved, coupled with massive reductions in water and fossil fuel use, a billion or more people could starve. Hunger is perhaps the most pressing problem of the 21st century, and the visionaries working at Food Valley believe they have found innovative solutions. The means to avoid catastrophic hunger are almost within reach, insists van den Ende. His optimism is based on feedback from more than a thousand WUR projects in more than 140 countries and on his formal agreements with governments and universities on six continents to share progress and implement this.
The van den Ende conversation is an exciting ride through a stream of ideas, statistics, and predictions. Drought in Africa? “Water is not the fundamental problem. It is a poor land,” he said. "The loss of nutrients can be compensated by growing plants that work in symbiosis with certain bacteria to produce their own fertilizer." The very high cost of grain to feed the animals? "Feed them grasshoppers instead," he said. One hectare of land can produce one metric ton of soy protein, a common cattle feed, every year. The same amount of land can produce 150 tons of insect protein.
The conversation quickly turns to the use of LED lighting to enable 24-hour cultivation in precisely controlled climate greenhouses. Then it shifted to the false belief that sustainable agriculture means less human intervention in nature.
“Look at the island of Bali!” exclaimed. For at least a thousand years, its farmers have raised ducks and fish in the same flooded paddies where rice is grown. It is a completely self-contained food system, irrigated by elaborate canal systems along mountainous terraces carved by human hands.
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A rotary milking machine enables an operator to milk up to 150 cows per hour at Wageningen University's Dairy Campus, where researchers are seeking to solve the challenges posed by dairy farming in the densely populated Netherlands.
City farmer Paul Jeannet grows tomato plants fertilized with fish waste in this rooftop greenhouse located in a former factory in the center of The Hague. Opened in 2016, the operation includes a farmers market and bar.
At every turn in the Netherlands, the future of sustainable agriculture is being shaped, not in the boardrooms of large corporations, but on thousands of modest family farms. You can see this clearly in the earthly paradise of Ted Duijvestijn and his brothers Peter, Ronald and Remco. Like the Balinese, the duijvestijn have established a self-contained food system in which an almost perfect balance between human ingenuity and nature's potential prevails.
At the 36-acre Duijvestijns greenhouse complex near the old city of Delft, visitors wander between rows of 20-foot-tall, dark-green tomato vines. Rooted not in the soil but in the spin fibers of basalt and chalk, the plants are wrapped in tomatoes (15 varieties in all) to satisfy the most discerning palate. In 2015, an international jury of horticultural experts named the Duijvestijns the most innovative tomato growers in the world.
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Since moving and renovating their 70-year-old farm in 2004, the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on all fronts. The farm produces almost all of its energy and fertilizers and even some of the packaging materials needed for the distribution and sale of the produce. The growing environment is kept at an optimal temperature throughout the year by the heat generated by the geothermal aquifers that flow through at least half of the Netherlands.
The only source of irrigation is rainwater, said Ted, who oversees the planting program. Each pound of tomatoes from your fiber-rooted plants requires less than four gallons of water, compared to 16 gallons for plants open in the ground. Once a year, the entire plant is regrown from seed, and the old vines are processed into packing boxes. The few pests that manage to enter Duijvestijn's greenhouses are met by a fierce army of defenders, including the fierce Phytoseiulus persimilis, a predatory mite that has no interest in tomatoes but pours itself on hundred.
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